《血戰鋼鋸嶺》之電影與現實的對比

資料出處：http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/hacksaw-ridge/

1、電影演員與真實人物原型



2、戴斯蒙德·道斯三軍的原因
    "I felt like it was an honor to serve God and country," Desmond said. "We were fightin' for our religious liberty and freedom."
    為上帝與國家服務，為宗教與自由而戰。

3、拒絕持槍的原因
    he refused to carry a weapon because of his personal and religious beliefs as a Seventh-day Adventist
    信奉基督復臨安息日會。
     I wanna be like Christ go savin' life instead of takin' life and that's the reason I take up medicine."
    不要殺人，而是要像耶穌一樣拯救世人。
    Desmond believed that his father would've killed his uncle (his mother's brother) if his mother hadn't stepped in. Desmond vowed that would be the last time he ever touched a gun.
    小時候看見父親差點拿槍打死舅舅，從此發誓不碰槍。電影裡舅舅的角色換成了母親。

4、戴斯蒙德·道斯三軍前就一直喜歡助人為樂嗎？
    Yes. "He was always helpful to people," said his brother Harold
    哈爾·道斯的證實。
    Instead, Desmond took after his mother, Bertha Doss, who taught him about compassion, helping others, and the importance of following Christ.
    母親教育他要有憐憫之心，幫助他人，信耶穌。
    His sister Audrey recalled a time when they were young and Desmond went the extra mile to help victims of an accident.
    他的sister奧黛麗的證實：徒步去3英裡外的醫院獻血。獻血這段電影裡有拍出來。

5、現實中的多蘿西是護士嗎？
    Dorothy Schutte was not a nurse when she met Desmond. She didn't get her nursing degree until years later, after the war, when she needed to help support their family. Desmond's injuries and disabilities from the war left him unable to have a full-time job.
    起初不是，戰後戴斯蒙德·道斯受傷無法全職工作，多蘿西為了養家考取了護士資格。

6、現實中兩人什麼時候結的婚？
    The Hacksaw Ridge true story reveals that Desmond Doss married Dorothy Schutte on August 17, 1942, before going on active duty.
    兩人第一次相遇於林奇堡的一間教堂，1942年8月17日兩人結婚，和電影裡不同的是，此時戴斯蒙德·道斯還沒有前往部隊服役。

7、因為拒服兵役而被送往conscientious objectors camp？
    Yes, but he tried to explain to the army that he still wanted to be in the military and do his part, just without having to kill.
    通過不斷解釋，最終留在了軍隊，但他仍然是conscientious objector。

8、現實中真的有被隊友欺負嗎？
    "You know, he'd say his prayers at night and everything, and some guys took their shoes and threw shoes at him and threw things at him, made fun of him right out in the open,"
    隊友嘲笑他，扔鞋子，但是沒有電影裡掀床和毆打這些情節。
    After a month of being in the infantry, the army decided to grant him his wish and transferred him back to the medical corps.
    一個月後，他被轉為醫療兵。

9、星期六拒絕工作？
    Yes. As a Seventh-day Adventist, he believed in an adherence to the Fourth Commandment, which says to keep the Sabbath day holy. This meant from sundown Friday until sundown Saturday, he devoted himself to prayer.
    是的，電影裡也有講到，是因為信教的原因，不過captain不同意他這樣做。

10、Jack Glover（薩姆沃辛頓飾演的角色）希望戴斯蒙德·道斯離開營隊？
     "and I suggested that, in my opinion, Doss should be transferred." It should be noted that after later fighting alongside Desmond, Jack Glover's opinion of him changed entirely. "
    是的，不過在一起並肩作戰之後，Jack Glover改變了對他的看法，想不到他最後還救了Jack Glover一命。

11、召開聽證會開除戴斯蒙德·道斯？
    Yes, as his officers grew less tolerant of his refusal to bear arms or work on Saturdays, they convened a meeting to discharge him on a Section 8 for mental instability.
    長官們召開聽證會，希望以精神問題為由開除他。
    ' To me, I feel I'd be a very poor Christian to accept a Section 8 off my religion." Desmond told Colonel Cooney he would be just as good of a soldier as him. The officers relented and knew 華盛頓 would never approve a Section 8 solely on religious grounds.
    但是他們也知道，如果只是宗教原因，華盛頓方面是不可能贊成這次開除的，所以最後妥協了。

12、因為拒絕持槍的原因被威脅送上軍事法庭？
    Yes, but things didn't escalate as far as they do in the movie. While training in the U.S., an officer by the name of Capt. Cunningham got into an argument with Desmond and told him only those men who participated in rifle training were allowed passes to go into town.
    沒有電影裡那麼嚴重。Capt. Cunningham威脅把他送上軍事法庭，但被另一名長官制止了。不過後來Capt. Cunningham沒有批准他回家探親的休假。

13、父親出面找前任長官改變庭審結果？
    his father contacted the chairman of the church's War Service Commission in 華盛頓, Carlyle B. Haynes. The chairman made a call to the regimental commander, Colonel Stephen S. Hamilton, asking if it was necessary for him to come investigate the situation with Desmond Doss.
    首先道斯沒有被送上軍事法庭，其次現實中是父親聯繫了教會的一位主席，主管戰爭事務的，這位主席又聯繫了部隊的團長，最後爭取到了3天的探親假。

14、上戰場前和多蘿西的見面以及離別？
    Yes. "When the train pulled out, I waved goodbye to her, and I tell you, it leaves you a very low feeling, knowing you may have seen your wife for the last time," recalled Desmond.
    和電影裡一樣感人，而且當火車駛經家門口時，戴斯蒙德·道斯將字條綁在磚頭上扔給了在家門口佇立眺望的父親。
    
15、救助日本兵？
    It seems likely that this is true, at least according to the stories told by some of his comrades who found an American bandage on an enemy soldier. "I don't know how bad the man was hit," said a fellow soldier, "but there was one found with a bandage on his arm, an American bandage."
    情況基本屬實。可能有一些簡單的包紮，但是並沒有像電影裡的那樣將日本兵從懸崖上運下來。

16、美國進攻沖繩的原因
    A fact-check of the Hacksaw Ridge movie supports that the United States invaded the island of Okinawa in order to use the island as an air base for an invasion of mainland Japan
     攻下衝繩，作為一處空軍基地來使用。

17、鋼鋸嶺有多險惡？
    Okinawa's Maeda Escarpment is an approximately 350-foot high ridge that runs across most of the island of Okinawa. "The Japanese had been there for years," said the real Desmond Doss. "They had that mountain honeycombed and camouflaged, it looked like natural terrain. That's what we had to face."
    Maeda懸崖（電影中的鋼鋸嶺）是一座橫跨沖繩島的山脊，高達350英尺（106米），日軍在上面佈滿了暗道，並進行了偽裝。

18、攀爬懸崖用的網
    Yes, and medic Desmond Doss was one of the three men who volunteered to go up the ridge and hang the cargo nets (something not shown in the movie). They were the same cargo nets that the men had used to climb down from the army personnel carriers into the landing crafts that took them ashore.
    就是運輸船上用於攀爬的網，而且是由包括戴斯蒙德·道斯在內的三個人負責懸掛的，電影中並沒有展現這一情節。

19、戴斯蒙德·道斯在戰場上殺過日本兵嗎？
    "Between me and my buddy was these hand grenades," said Desmond. "All I had to do was just pull the pin and I knew I had some Japanese." Realizing that taking out the enemy in the hole would protect his men from possible death, he later said that this was the greatest temptation of his life. "I thought of what I heard before, 'Thou shalt not kill.' God gave life and I didn't want to take life."
    感謝網友@Samuel回復，這裡應該是沒有殺日本兵。

20、醫療兵是日本軍隊的重點攻擊目標嗎？
    Yes. The Japanese focused on taking out medics in order to demoralize their enemy.
    醫療兵確實是日本軍隊的重點攻擊對象之一，目的是為了打擊美軍的士氣。電影裡有提到這一段，他們把所有會表明醫療兵身份的標誌都去掉了。

21、隊友撤退之後，戴斯蒙德·道斯還留在鋼鋸嶺上救人？
     "I had these men up there and I shouldn't leave 'em," said Desmond. "They were my buddies, some of the men had families, and they trust me. I didn't feel like I should value my life above my buddy's, so I decided to stay with them and take care of as many of them as I could. I didn't know how I was gonna do it."
    確實如此，因為戴斯蒙德·道斯不願放棄這些出生入死的隊友。

22、戴斯蒙德·道斯真的是用繩索將傷員一個一個地運下來的？
    Falling back on his experience helping rescue flood victims when he was younger, Doss fashioned a special sling that enabled him to lower the men one by one to safety.
    戴斯蒙德·道斯利用自己以前在西維吉尼亞洲救助災民時的經驗，將繩索做成特殊形狀，最後將傷員一個一個地運送了下來。
    
23、戴斯蒙德·道斯險些死於戰場，因日本兵開槍時卡殼而躲過一劫？
    While lowering the men down the ridge, the Japanese had a clear shot at Desmond Doss. Though it's not depicted in the movie, one Japanese soldier recalled having Desmond in his sights, but every time he went to fire, his gun jammed.
    戴斯蒙德·道斯在懸崖邊運送傷員時被日本兵發現，但日本兵每次開槍都會出現卡殼的情況，只能說上帝在保佑他。

24、總共救了多少人？
    Doss estimated the number of lives he saved to be 50, but his commanding officer wanted to credit him with saving 100 lives, so they compromised at 75 (Library of 維吉尼亞).
    自己估計50人，長官給他邀功100人，最後取中間值75人。

24、在戰場上救人時情況有多危險？
     "When you have explosions and bursts so close you can practically feel it, and not get wounded up there when I should have been killed a number of times. I know who I owe my life to as well as my men. That's why I like to tell this story to the glory of God, because I know from the human standpoint, I should not be here."
    身邊多次近距離的爆炸，但最後死裡逃生好幾次。戴斯蒙德·道斯花費12小時時間救了75人，平均約每10分鐘救出一人。

25、現實中在攻打鋼鋸嶺前有讀聖經的片段？
    Given that Desmond was the only medic left in B Company, he agreed to go but requested that he first be given time to read his Bible.
    還真有，讀完聖經才攻打，結果成功拿下。

26、戴斯蒙德·道斯最後被手榴彈炸傷？
    So I just quickly took my left foot and threw it back to where I thought the grenade might be, and throw my head and helmet to the ground. And not more than half a second later, I felt like I was sailin' through the air. I was seein' stars I wasn't supposed to be seein', and I knew my legs and body were blown up.
    躲避及時，只是炸傷腿和身體，大白天看見了星星。

27、最後還被日本狙擊手補了一槍？
    Desmond gave up his stretcher to the man, but while waiting for help to come back, he was wounded again, this time by a sniper's bullet that shattered his left arm.
    將擔架讓給他人，在等待救援時被日本狙擊手的子彈擊中左臂。

28、聖經在受傷後丟失了？
    Yes. In a letter home to his wife Dorothy, written on May 31, 1945, he informed her that while being treated on the hospital ship Mercy, he realized he had lost his little Bible when he was wounded.
    確實如此，不過最後被B連的兄弟給找回了。

29、為什麼戴斯蒙德·道斯在持槍問題上毫不妥協？
    "I knew if I ever once compromised, I was gonna be in trouble," said Desmond, "because if you can compromise once, you can compromise again."
    堅持信仰不動搖。

30、戰後的戴斯蒙德·道斯
    After WWII, Desmond received a modest pension from the military, but due to his disabilities from his injuries, his wife Dorothy got her nursing degree and had to work full-time to help with their income (in the movie she is already a nurse when they meet).
    They grew their own fruits and vegetables to help sustain themselves and eventually farmed the land. Desmond also worked part-time as a cabinetmaker and tried various other jobs that his health would allow, including raising tropical fish, door-to-door sales, and working as a maintenance man.
    戰爭致使戴斯蒙德·道斯的身體90%傷殘，肋骨和肺損壞，花了五年半治療，但過量的抗生素又使他失聰。後來多蘿西做全職護士來養家，並且他們用保險金買了四畝地來支撐生活。戴斯蒙德·道斯也做一些力所能及的活來補貼家用。多蘿西後來因乳腺癌和車禍去世，戴斯蒙德·道斯1993年再婚，2006年去世。